How to Prevent Stream Manipulation in Android Apps

Last updated August 18, 2024 by Appdome

Learn to Prevent Stream Manipulation in Android apps, in mobile CI/CD with a Data-Driven DevSecOps™ build system.

What is Stream Manipulation?

Stream manipulation, also known as the “Dirty Stream” attack, is a significant security threat that targets mobile applications by exploiting path traversal vulnerabilities.

What is a URI?

A URI, or Uniform Resource Identifier, is a fundamental concept in mobile app development. It serves as a unique identifier for a resource within an app, much like a URL (Uniform Resource Locator) identifies a web page. URIs can represent various types of resources, including files, database entries, or content shared between apps. For instance, in Android apps, URIs often start with “file://” to access files on the device or “content://” to access data shared by other apps.

How Stream Manipulation Attacks Work

In a stream manipulation attack, malicious actors tamper with URIs to trick the app into accessing or modifying files it shouldn’t. For example, an attacker might craft a URI that navigates outside of the app’s designated area, potentially accessing sensitive information or executing unauthorized operations. This can lead to severe consequences, including data breaches, unauthorized data modification, or even a complete system compromise.

 

How Appdome Secures Android Apps Against Stream Manipulation

Appdome’s Prevent Stream Manipulation feature offers robust protection against these attacks by addressing the vulnerabilities that allow them. Here’s a detailed look at how Appdome secures your Android apps:

1. Advanced Threat Detection

Appdome continuously monitors all URIs processed by the app to identify unusual patterns or structures that could indicate a manipulation attempt.

2. URI Sanitization Process

When Appdome detects a potentially dangerous URI, it sanitizes it. This ensures the URI is safe to use, allowing the app to function normally without risking exposure to sensitive data.

3. Proactive Application Protection

If Appdome identifies a URI that poses a significant threat, it proactively closes the application to prevent any unauthorized access or data leakage. In addition to closing the app, Appdome provides an immediate notification to the user, explaining that the app was shut down for security reasons. This transparency helps maintain user trust by clearly communicating the protective actions taken on their behalf.

Prerequisites for Using Prevent Stream Manipulation:

To use Appdome’s mobile app security build system to Prevent Stream Manipulation , you’ll need:

Prevent Stream Manipulation on Android apps using Appdome

On Appdome, follow these 3 simple steps to create self-defending Android Apps that Prevent Stream Manipulation without an SDK or gateway:

  1. Upload the Mobile App to Appdome.

    1. Upload an app to Appdome’s Mobile App Security Build System

    2. Upload Method: Appdome Console or DEV-API
    3. Android Formats: .apk or .aab
    4. Prevent Stream Manipulation Compatible With: Java, JS, C++, C#, Kotlin, Flutter, React Native, Unity, Xamarin, Cordova and other Android apps
  2. Build the feature: Prevent Stream Manipulation.

    1. Building Prevent Stream Manipulation by using Appdome’s DEV-API:

      1. Create and name the Fusion Set (security template) that will contain the Prevent Stream Manipulation feature as shown below:
      2. fusion set that contains Prevent Stream Manipulation

        Figure 1: Fusion Set that will contain the Prevent Stream Manipulation feature
        Note: Naming the Fusion Set to correspond to the protection(s) selected is for illustration purposes only (not required).

      3. Follow the steps in Sections 2.2.1-2.2.2 of this article, Building the Prevent Stream Manipulation feature via Appdome Console, to add the Prevent Stream Manipulation feature to this Fusion Set.

      4. Open the Fusion Set Detail Summary by clicking the “...” symbol on the far-right corner of the Fusion Set. Copy the Fusion Set ID from the Fusion Set Detail Summary (as shown below): fusion Set Detail Summary image

        Figure 2: Fusion Set Detail Summary
        Note: Annotating the Fusion Set to identify the protection(s) selected is optional only (not mandatory).

      5. Follow the instructions below to use the Fusion Set ID inside any standard mobile DevOps or CI/CD toolkit like Bitrise, App Center, Jenkins, Travis, Team City, Circle CI or other system:
        1. Build an API for the app – for instructions, see the tasks under Appdome API Reference Guide
        2. Look for sample APIs in Appdome’s GitHub Repository
    2. Building the Prevent Stream Manipulation feature via Appdome Console

      To build the Prevent Stream Manipulation protection by using Appdome Console, follow the instructions below.

      1. Where: Inside the Appdome Console, go to Build > Anti Fraud Tab > Mobile Malware Prevention section.
      2. How: Check whether is toggled On (enabled), otherwise enable it . The feature Prevent Stream Manipulation is enabled by default, as shown below. Toggle (turn ON) Prevent Stream Manipulation, as shown below.
        If needed, Customize the Threat Notification to be displayed to the mobile end-user in a standard OS dialog notification when Appdome Prevents Stream Manipulation.
        Prevent Stream Manipulation option

        Figure 3: Prevent Stream Manipulation option
        Note: The App Compromise Notification contains an easy to follow default remediation path for the mobile app end user. You can customize this message as required to achieve brand specific support, workflow or other messaging.

      3. When you select the Prevent Stream Manipulation you'll notice that your Fusion Set you created in step 2.1.1 now bears the icon of the protection category that contains Prevent Stream Manipulation

        Fusion Set applied Prevent Stream Manipulation

        Figure 4: Fusion Set that displays the newly added Prevent Stream Manipulation protection

      4. Select the Threat-Event™ in-app mobile Threat Defense and Intelligence policy for Prevent Stream Manipulation:
        1. Threat-Events™ OFF > In-App Defense

          If the Threat-Events™ setting is cleared (not selected). Appdome will detect and defend the user and app by enforcing Prevent Stream Manipulation.

        2. Threat-Events™ ON > In-App Detection

          When this setting is used, Appdome detects stream manipulation and passes Appdome’s Threat-Event™ attack intelligence to the app’s business logic for processing, enforcement, and user notification. For more information on consuming and using Appdome Threat-Events™ in the app, see section Using Threat-Events™ for Prevent Stream Manipulation Intelligence and Control in Mobile Apps.

        3. Threat-Events™ ON > In-App Defense

          When this setting is used, Appdome detects and defends against Stream Manipulation (same as Appdome Enforce) and passes Appdome’s Threat-Event™ attack intelligence the app’s business logic for processing. For more information on consuming and using Appdome Threat-Events™ in the app, see section Using Threat-Events™ for Prevent Stream Manipulation Intelligence and Control in Mobile Apps.

      5. Click Build My App at the bottom of the Build Workflow (shown in Figure 3).
    Congratulations!  The Prevent Stream Manipulation protection is now added to the mobile app
  3. Certify the Prevent Stream Manipulation feature in Android Apps

    After building Prevent Stream Manipulation, Appdome generates a Certified Secure™ certificate to guarantee that the Prevent Stream Manipulation protection has been added and is protecting the app. To verify that the Prevent Stream Manipulation protection has been added to the mobile app, locate the protection in the Certified Secure™ certificate as shown below: Prevent Stream Manipulation shown in Certificate secure

    Figure 5: Certified Secure™ certificate

    Each Certified Secure™ certificate provides DevOps and DevSecOps organizations the entire workflow summary, audit trail of each build, and proof of protection that Prevent Stream Manipulation has been added to each Android app. Certified Secure provides instant and in-line DevSecOps compliance certification that Prevent Stream Manipulation and other mobile app security features are in each build of the mobile app

Using Threat-Events™ for Stream Manipulation Intelligence and Control in Android Apps

Appdome Threat-Events™ provides consumable in-app mobile app attack intelligence and defense control when Stream Manipulation is detected. To consume and use Threat-Events™ for Stream Manipulation in Android Apps, use registerReceiver in the Application OnCreate, and the code samples for Threat-Events™ for Stream Manipulation shown below.

The specifications and options for Threat-Events™ for Stream Manipulation are:

Threat-Event™ Elements Prevent Stream Manipulation Method Detail
Appdome Feature Name Prevent Stream Manipulation
Threat-Event Mode
OFF, IN-APP DEFENSE Appdome detects, defends and notifies user (standard OS dialog) using customizable messaging.
ON, IN-APP DETECTION Appdome detects the attack or threat and passes the event in a standard format to the app for processing (app chooses how and when to enforce).
ON, IN-APP DEFENSE Uses Appdome Enforce mode for any attack or threat and passes the event in a standard format to the app for processing (gather intel on attacks and threats without losing any protection).
Certified Secure™ Threat Event Check
Visible in ThreatScope™
Developer Parameters for Preventing Stream Manipulation Threat-Event™
Threat-Event NAME VulnerableUriDetected
Threat-Event DATA reasonData
Threat-Event CODE reasonCode
Threat-Event REF 6801
Threat-Event SCORE
currentThreatEventScore Current Threat-Event score
threatEventsScore Total Threat-events score
Threat-Event Context Keys
message Message displayed for the user on event
failSafeEnforce Timed enforcement against the identified threat
externalID The external ID of the event which can be listened via Threat Events
osVersion OS version of the current device
deviceModel Current device model
deviceManufacturer The manufacturer of the current device
fusedAppToken The task ID of the Appdome fusion of the currently running app
kernelInfo Info about the kernel: system name, node name, release, version and machine.
carrierPlmn PLMN of the device. Only available for Android devices.
deviceID Current device ID
reasonCode Reason code of the occurred event
buildDate Appdome fusion date of the current application
devicePlatform OS name of the current device
carrierName Carrier name of the current device. Only available for Android.
updatedOSVersion Is the OS version up to date
deviceBrand Brand of the device
deviceBoard Board of the device
buildUser Build user
buildHost Build host
sdkVersion Sdk version
timeZone Time zone
deviceFaceDown Is the device face down
locationLong Location longitude conditioned by location permission
locationLat Location latitude conditioned by location permission
locationState Location state conditioned by location permission
wifiSsid Wifi SSID
wifiSsidPermissionStatus Wifi SSID permission status

With Threat-Events™ enabled (turned ON), Android developers can get detailed attack intelligence and granular defense control in Android applications and create amazing user experiences for all mobile end users when Stream Manipulation is detected.


The following is a code sample for native Android apps, which uses all values in the specification above for Prevent Stream Manipulation:


Important! Replace all placeholder instances of <Context Key> with the specific name of your threat event context key across all language examples. This is crucial to ensure your code functions correctly with the intended event data. For example, The <Context Key> could be the message, externalID, OS Version, reason code, etc.



Using Appdome, there are no development or coding prerequisites to build secured Android Apps by using Prevent Stream Manipulation. There is no SDK and no library to code or implement in the app and no gateway to deploy in your network. All protections are built into each app and the resulting app is self-defending and self-protecting.

Releasing and Publishing Mobile Apps with Prevent Stream Manipulation

After successfully securing your app by using Appdome, there are several available options to complete your project, depending on your app lifecycle or workflow. These include:

Related Articles:

Prevent Accessibility Service Malware on Android Apps

How to Block Magisk & Magisk Root in Android Apps

How to Prevent Logging Attacks (Log4J) in Android Apps

“Dirty stream” attack: Discovering and mitigating a common vulnerability pattern in Android apps

 

How Do I Learn More?

If you have any questions, please send them our way at support.appdome.com or via the chat window on the Appdome platform.

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